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NEET CHEMISTRYAldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic AcidsEasy

Question

The example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction among the following is:

A

Option 1 (Image Missing)

B

Option 2 (Image Missing)

C

Option 3: 4.

D

Option 4 (Image Missing)

Step-by-Step Solution

Nucleophilic substitution is a class of reactions where an electron-rich nucleophile attacks a positively charged (or partially positive) electrophilic center, replacing a leaving group.

  1. Alkyl Halides: The carbon-halogen bond is polar (Cδ+−Xδ−C^{\delta+}-X^{\delta-}). A nucleophile (like OH−OH^-, CN−CN^-, or NH3NH_3) attacks the carbon, displacing the halogen atom. This is the characteristic reaction of alkyl halides (e.g., R−X+KOH(aq)→R−OH+KXR-X + KOH(aq) \rightarrow R-OH + KX) [1], [2].
  2. Comparison:
  • Nucleophilic Addition: Characteristic of Aldehydes and Ketones (carbonyl group).
  • Electrophilic Substitution: Characteristic of Benzene and its derivatives (Haloarenes) [3].
  • Free Radical Substitution: Characteristic of Alkanes (e.g., chlorination in sunlight) [4].

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

CHEMISTRYAldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acidsexamplenucleophilicsubstitutionreactionfollowing

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