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NEET PHYSICSELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCEEasy

Question

The angle between the electric lines of force and the equipotential surface is:

A

180°

B

0°

C

45°

D

90°

Step-by-Step Solution

  1. Definition: An equipotential surface is a region where the electric potential (VV) is constant at every point. Therefore, the potential difference (dVdV) between any two points on the surface is zero.
  2. Work Done: The work done to move a charge qq on an equipotential surface is dW=qdV=0dW = q dV = 0.
  3. Relation to Field: Work is also defined as the dot product of force and displacement: dW=F⋅dr=qE⋅dr=qEdrcos⁡θdW = \mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = q \mathbf{E} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = q E dr \cos \theta, where θ\theta is the angle between the electric field (E\mathbf{E}) and the displacement (drd\mathbf{r}) along the surface.
  4. Conclusion: For dWdW to be zero (where q,E,dr≠0q, E, dr \neq 0), cos⁡θ\cos \theta must be zero. This implies θ=90∘\theta = 90^\circ. Thus, electric field lines are always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET PHYSICS syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

PHYSICSELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCEbetweenelectricequipotentialsurface

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