in artificial hybridisation, if the female parent produces unisexual flowers, there is no need for emasculation (statement b). However, female flower buds must still be bagged before they open to prevent unwanted pollination (making statement a incorrect). For bisexual flowers, emasculation is performed, followed by bagging (statement d). After the desired pollen is dusted onto the stigma, the flowers are rebagged (statement c) to allow fruit development. Statement (e) is incorrect because flowers with temporal separations like protogyny can still be used in breeding programs .