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NEET CHEMISTRYChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMedium

Question

Arrange the following species in increasing order of their dipole moments: NH3,NF3,BF3,H2ONH_3, NF_3, BF_3, H_2O

A

NH3<BF3<NF3<H2ONH_3 < BF_3 < NF_3 < H_2O

B

BF3<NF3<NH3<H2OBF_3 < NF_3 < NH_3 < H_2O

C

BF3<NH3<NF3<H2OBF_3 < NH_3 < NF_3 < H_2O

D

H2O<NF3<NH3<BF3H_2O < NF_3 < NH_3 < BF_3

Step-by-Step Solution

  1. Analyze BF3BF_3: Boron trifluoride has a trigonal planar geometry (sp2sp^2 hybridisation). Due to its symmetry, the individual bond dipoles cancel each other out completely.
  • μ=0\mu = 0.
  1. Analyze NF3NF_3 vs NH3NH_3: Both have a trigonal pyramidal structure with one lone pair on Nitrogen.
  • In NH3NH_3, the bond moments (N-H) point towards Nitrogen (N is more electronegative). The orbital dipole of the lone pair also points upwards. They reinforce each other (Vector addition).
  • In NF3NF_3, the bond moments (N-F) point towards Fluorine (F is more electronegative). The orbital dipole points upwards. They oppose each other (Vector subtraction).
  • Therefore, μ(NH3)>μ(NF3)\mu(NH_3) > \mu(NF_3).
  1. Analyze H2OH_2O: Water has a bent structure with two lone pairs on Oxygen. The large electronegativity difference between O and H, combined with the contribution of two lone pairs, results in the highest dipole moment among the group (\approx 1.85 D).
  2. Conclusion: The increasing order is BF3(0)<NF3<NH3<H2OBF_3 (0) < NF_3 < NH_3 < H_2O.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

CHEMISTRYChemical Bonding and Molecular Structurearrangefollowingspeciesincreasingdipole

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