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NEET CHEMISTRYOrganic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques Medium

Question

The incorrect statement among the following regarding the molecules of CH4\text{CH}_4, NH3\text{NH}_3, and H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} is:

A

The H-O-H bond angle in H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} is larger than the H-C-H bond angle in CH4\text{CH}_4.

B

The H-O-H bond angle in H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} is smaller than the H-N-H bond angle in NH3\text{NH}_3.

C

The H-C-H bond angle in CH4\text{CH}_4 is larger than the H-N-H bond angle in NH3\text{NH}_3.

D

The H-C-H bond angle in CH4\text{CH}_4, the H-N-H bond angle in NH3\text{NH}_3, and the H-O-H bond angle in H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} are all greater than 9090^\circ.

Step-by-Step Solution

According to VSEPR theory, the central atoms in CH4\text{CH}_4, NH3\text{NH}_3, and H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} all undergo sp3sp^3 hybridisation. However, they possess different numbers of lone pairs: carbon in CH4\text{CH}_4 has 0, nitrogen in NH3\text{NH}_3 has 1, and oxygen in H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} has 2 lone pairs. Because lone pair-lone pair repulsion is stronger than lone pair-bond pair repulsion, which is in turn stronger than bond pair-bond pair repulsion, the bond angle decreases as the number of lone pairs increases.

  • In CH4\text{CH}_4, the bond angle is the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5109.5^\circ.
  • In NH3\text{NH}_3, the presence of one lone pair compresses the H-N-H angle to 107107^\circ.
  • In H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}, the presence of two lone pairs compresses the H-O-H angle further to 104.5104.5^\circ. As all these angles (109.5109.5^\circ, 107107^\circ, and 104.5104.5^\circ) are greater than 9090^\circ, option 4 is correct. The correct order of bond angles is CH4>NH3>H2O\text{CH}_4 > \text{NH}_3 > \text{H}_2\text{O}. Therefore, the statement claiming that the H-O-H bond angle in H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} is larger than the H-C-H bond angle in CH4\text{CH}_4 is factually incorrect.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques . Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

CHEMISTRYOrganic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques incorrectstatementfollowingregardingmolecules

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