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NEET PHYSICSATOMSMedium

Question

In a Rutherford scattering experiment when a projectile of charge Z₁ and mass M₁ approaches a target nucleus of charge Z₂ and mass M₂ the distance of the closest approach is r₀. What is the energy of the projectile?

A

Directly proportional to M₁ × M₂

B

Directly proportional to Z₁Z₂

C

Inversely proportional to Z₁

D

Directly proportional to the mass M₁

Step-by-Step Solution

At the distance of closest approach (r0r_0), the initial kinetic energy (KK) of the projectile is completely converted into electrostatic potential energy (UU). The formula for potential energy between two charges q1q_1 (Z1eZ_1e) and q2q_2 (Z2eZ_2e) separated by a distance r0r_0 is: U=14πϵ0q1q2r0=14πϵ0(Z1e)(Z2e)r0U = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{q_1 q_2}{r_0} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{(Z_1e)(Z_2e)}{r_0}. Since K=UK = U, the energy of the projectile is proportional to the product of the charges (Z1Z2Z_1 Z_2). Therefore, EnergyZ1Z2Energy \propto Z_1 Z_2.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET PHYSICS syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from ATOMS. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

PHYSICSATOMSrutherfordscatteringexperimentprojectilecharge

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