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NEET CHEMISTRYClassification of Elements and Periodicity in PropertiesMedium

Question

Incorrect order among the following is:

A

NH₃ < PH₃ < AsH₃ – Acidic

B

Li < Be < B < C – 1st Ionization potential

C

Al₂O₃ < MgO < Na₂O < K₂O - Basic

D

Li⁺ < Na⁺ < K⁺ < Cs⁺ - Ionic radius

Step-by-Step Solution

Let's analyze the trends based on periodic properties:

  1. Ionization Potential (Option B): Generally, ionization enthalpy increases across a period. However, there is an anomaly between Group 2 and Group 13. Beryllium (Z=4Z=4) has a stable, completely filled 2s2s subshell (1s22s21s^2 2s^2), whereas Boron (Z=5Z=5) has one electron in the 2p2p subshell (1s22s22p11s^2 2s^2 2p^1). The 2p2p electron in boron is more shielded and easier to remove than the 2s2s electron in beryllium. Consequently, the first ionization enthalpy of Boron is lower than that of Beryllium (IE1(B)<IE1(Be)IE_1(B) < IE_1(Be)). The correct order is Li<B<Be<CLi < B < Be < C. The option stating Li<Be<B<CLi < Be < B < C is therefore incorrect , .

  2. Ionic Radius (Option D): As we move down a group, new electron shells are added, increasing the size of the ion. Thus, the trend Li+<Na+<K+<Cs+Li^+ < Na^+ < K^+ < Cs^+ is correct , .

  3. Basic Nature of Oxides (Option C): Metallic character increases down a group and decreases across a period. More metallic elements form more basic oxides. Potassium (KK) is more metallic than Sodium (NaNa), which is more metallic than Magnesium (MgMg). Aluminum (AlAl) forms amphoteric oxides. Therefore, the basic strength order Al2O3<MgO<Na2O<K2OAl_2O_3 < MgO < Na_2O < K_2O is correct .

  4. Acidic Nature of Hydrides (Option A): For Group 15 hydrides, as the size of the central atom increases (N<P<AsN < P < As), the E–H bond strength decreases, making it easier to release a proton (H+H^+). Thus, acidic character increases down the group: NH3<PH3<AsH3NH_3 < PH_3 < AsH_3. This is correct.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

CHEMISTRYClassification of Elements and Periodicity in Propertiesincorrectfollowing

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A.Ar < K⁺ < Ca²⁺
B.Ca²⁺ < Ar < K⁺
C.Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Ar
D.K⁺ < Ar < Ca²⁺
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A.Na⁺, Cl⁻, O⁻, NO⁺
B.N₂O, N₂O₄, NO⁺, NO
C.Na⁺, Mg²⁺, O⁻, F⁻
D.Ca²⁺, Ar, K⁺, Cl⁻
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A.+10.2 eV
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C.–10.2 eV
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A.H⁺
B.Li⁺
C.Na⁺
D.Mg²⁺
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A.$Ca^{2+} < K^+ < Ar < S^{2-} < Cl^-$
B.$Ca^{2+} < K^+ < Ar < Cl^- < S^{2-}$
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A.Electron repulsion outweighs the stability gained by achieving noble gas configuration
B.O⁻ ion has comparatively smaller size than oxygen atom
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A.Si < C < O < N < F
B.O < F < N < C < Si
C.F < O < N < C < Si
D.Si < C < N < O < F
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A.Cr > Mn > V > Ti
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