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NEET CHEMISTRYClassification of Elements and Periodicity in PropertiesEasy

Question

The correct order of the decreasing ionic radii among the following isoelectronic species is:

A

Ca²⁺ > K⁺ > S²⁻ > Cl⁻

B

Cl⁻ > S²⁻ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺

C

S²⁻ > Cl⁻ > K⁺ > Ca²⁺

D

K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Cl⁻ > S²⁻

Step-by-Step Solution

The species S²⁻, Cl⁻, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ are isoelectronic, meaning they all possess the same number of electrons (18 electrons).

  1. Concept: For isoelectronic ions, the ionic radius decreases as the nuclear charge (atomic number, Z) increases. A higher nuclear charge exerts a stronger electrostatic attraction on the same number of electrons, pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus .
  2. Analysis:
  • Sulphide ion (S²⁻): Z = 16. Lowest nuclear charge, weakest attraction → Largest Radius.
  • Chloride ion (Cl⁻): Z = 17.
  • Potassium ion (K⁺): Z = 19.
  • Calcium ion (Ca²⁺): Z = 20. Highest nuclear charge, strongest attraction → Smallest Radius.
  1. Conclusion: The order of decreasing ionic radii is S²⁻ > Cl⁻ > K⁺ > Ca²⁺.

Exam Context & Concepts Covered

This question aligns with the NEET CHEMISTRY syllabus, specifically targeting concepts from Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties. Mastering this topic is crucial for scoring well in the upcoming medical entrance examinations. Solving conceptually related problems will help you understand the nuances of these concepts and improve your problem-solving speed.

CHEMISTRYClassification of Elements and Periodicity in Propertiescorrectdecreasingfollowingisoelectronicspecies

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