Q1. Which part of the nephron secretes hydrogen ions to regulate blood pH?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Distal convoluted tubuleC. Loop of HenleD. Collecting duct
Q2. What is the primary role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?A. Filtration of bloodB. Active secretion of ionsC. Formation of an osmotic gradientD. Excretion of creatinine
Q3. Which blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus?A. Afferent arterioleB. Efferent arterioleC. Renal veinD. Peritubular capillaries
Q4. Which of the following statements is correct about nitrogenous waste excretion?A. Ammonia is excreted primarily by terrestrial mammals.B. Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste.C. Urea requires the most water for excretion.D. Uric acid is highly toxic and soluble in water.
Q5. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the final concentration of urine?A. Bowman’s capsuleB. Loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Collecting duct
Q6. Which of the following statements about counter-current mechanisms is correct?A. Counter-current exchange occurs between the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.B. The counter-current mechanism helps concentrate urine.C. The collecting duct is the primary site of counter-current exchange.D. The counter-current system prevents water reabsorption.
Q7. Which of the following conditions is caused by the formation of crystallized salts in the kidney?A. UremiaB. GlomerulonephritisC. Renal calculiD. Diabetes insipidus
Q8. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Descending limb of Henle's loopC. Ascending limb of Henle's loopD. Collecting duct
Q10. Which of the following is the least toxic form of nitrogenous waste?A. AmmoniaB. UreaC. Uric acidD. Creatinine