Q1. Which excretory product is primarily eliminated through sweat glands?A. Bile pigmentsB. UreaC. Carbon dioxideD. Glucose
Q2. Which of the following conditions occurs due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints?A. UremiaB. GoutC. Renal calculiD. Glomerulonephritis
Q3. The renal pelvis in the human kidney is responsible for:A. Formation of urineB. UltrafiltrationC. Storage of urine before excretionD. Concentration of urine
Q4. Which statement about urine composition is incorrect?A. Urine normally contains urea, uric acid, and creatinine.B. Urine is typically free of glucose in healthy individuals.C. Urine contains a high concentration of proteins under normal conditions.D. Urine is acidic due to metabolic waste products.
Q5. Which part of the nephron plays a major role in maintaining acid-base balance by secreting hydrogen ions?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Collecting duct
Q6. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?A. AldosteroneB. InsulinC. ADH (Vasopressin)D. Thyroxine
Q7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?A. Regulation of blood pressureB. Excretion of nitrogenous wasteC. Secretion of insulinD. Regulation of pH balance
Q8. Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is correct?A. Filtration occurs due to active transport in the glomerulus.B. Glomerular filtration is a passive process driven by blood pressure.C. The filtrate in the Bowman’s capsule contains red blood cells.D. Proteins freely pass through the glomerular filter.
Q9. Which of the following statements about renal physiology is incorrect?A. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most of the essential nutrients.B. The afferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus.C. The Loop of Henle plays a role in urine concentration.D. Glomerular filtration is a passive process driven by blood pressure.
Q10. Which type of nitrogenous waste requires the least amount of water for its elimination?A. AmmoniaB. UreaC. Uric acidD. Creatinine