Q1. Which part of the nephron helps in maintaining the osmolar gradient?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Bowman’s capsule
Q2. What is the approximate volume of urine excreted by a healthy adult per day?A. 100-500 mLB. 500-800 mLC. 1.0-1.5 litersD. 2.5-3.0 liters
Q3. Which of the following statements about the role of ADH is correct?A. ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.B. ADH promotes sodium excretion in urine.C. ADH reduces the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.D. ADH is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Q4. Which of the following is a function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?A. Filtration of bloodB. Regulation of blood pressureC. Secretion of insulinD. Concentration of urine
Q5. Which of the following statements regarding excretion in humans is incorrect?A. The kidney excretes nitrogenous waste.B. Lungs help in excreting carbon dioxide.C. The liver excretes bilirubin.D. Skin plays no role in excretion.
Q6. Which of the following statements about the renal corpuscle is incorrect?A. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.B. The renal corpuscle is the site of filtration.C. The renal corpuscle actively secretes hydrogen ions into the filtrate.D. The renal corpuscle allows small molecules to pass into the nephron.
Q7. Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is incorrect?A. Filtration occurs at the glomerulus.B. The filtrate contains proteins and blood cells.C. Blood pressure drives the filtration process.D. Filtrate passes into Bowman’s capsule.
Q8. Which of the following conditions is caused by the inflammation of the glomerulus?A. UremiaB. Diabetes insipidusC. GlomerulonephritisD. Renal calculi
Q9. Which part of the nephron is involved in the active reabsorption of sodium and water under the influence of aldosterone?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Bowman’s capsule
Q10. Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is correct?A. JGA regulates blood pressure by secreting renin.B. JGA is located inside the collecting duct.C. JGA is responsible for producing red blood cells.D. JGA decreases renin secretion when blood pressure is low.