Q1. The presence of glucose in urine indicates which medical condition?A. Diabetes insipidusB. Diabetes mellitusC. UremiaD. Renal calculi
Q3. Which statement about the function of the kidney is incorrect?A. The kidney helps regulate blood pressure through renin secretion.B. The kidney plays a role in erythropoiesis by releasing erythropoietin.C. The kidney synthesizes bile for digestion.D. The kidney maintains acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions.
Q4. Which of the following is an excretory product of protein metabolism?A. GlucoseB. Bile saltsC. UreaD. Fatty acids
Q5. Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is correct?A. GFR is mainly controlled by blood pressure in the glomerulus.B. GFR remains constant regardless of blood pressure fluctuations.C. GFR is independent of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.D. GFR is highest when the afferent arteriole constricts.
Q6. What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy human?A. 50 mL/minB. 100 mL/minC. 125 mL/minD. 200 mL/min
Q7. Which of the following parts of the nephron is responsible for fine-tuning salt and water balance under hormonal control?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Distal convoluted tubuleC. Bowman’s capsuleD. Glomerulus
Q8. Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is incorrect?A. JGA is involved in blood pressure regulation.B. JGA secretes renin in response to low blood pressure.C. JGA increases renin secretion when blood pressure is high.D. JGA helps regulate glomerular filtration rate.
Q9. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about kidney function?A. The kidney helps maintain osmotic balance.B. The kidney produces bile for digestion.C. The kidney helps regulate blood pressure through renin secretion.D. Nephrons filter waste from the blood.
Q10. Which of the following waste products is primarily eliminated through the skin?A. UreaB. Bile saltsC. Carbon dioxideD. Steroids