Q1. Which of the following structures carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?A. UrethraB. UreterC. Collecting ductD. Renal pelvis
Q2. Which of the following statements about nephron function is correct?A. The glomerular filtrate contains blood cells and proteins.B. The Loop of Henle is responsible for the ultrafiltration process.C. The distal convoluted tubule actively secretes potassium and hydrogen ions.D. The collecting duct is involved in glucose reabsorption.
Q3. Which organ plays a significant role in excreting carbon dioxide?A. LiverB. KidneyC. LungsD. Skin
Q5. What is the role of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in kidney function?A. Increases sodium retentionB. Reduces blood pressureC. Stimulates renin secretionD. Increases water reabsorption
Q6. Which of the following excretory structures is found in crustaceans like prawns?A. Malpighian tubulesB. Green glandsC. Flame cellsD. Nephridia
Q7. Which of the following excretory products is a result of nucleic acid metabolism?A. UreaB. CreatinineC. Uric acidD. Ammonia
Q8. What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy human?A. 50 mL/minB. 100 mL/minC. 125 mL/minD. 200 mL/min
Q9. Which of the following statements about urine composition is correct?A. Urine contains urea, creatinine, and uric acid.B. Urine normally has a high concentration of proteins.C. Glucose is always present in normal urine.D. Red blood cells are normally found in urine.
Q10. Which nitrogenous waste is primarily excreted by reptiles and birds?A. AmmoniaB. UreaC. Uric acidD. Creatinine