Q1. Which of the following excretory structures is present in Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?A. NephridiaB. Malpighian tubulesC. Flame cellsD. Green glands
Q2. Which statement about the Loop of Henle is incorrect?A. The descending limb is permeable to water but impermeable to solutes.B. The ascending limb actively transports sodium and chloride ions.C. The Loop of Henle plays no role in urine concentration.D. The Loop of Henle contributes to the counter-current mechanism.
Q3. Which part of the nephron is the site for facultative water reabsorption?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Collecting duct
Q4. Which of the following statements about counter-current mechanisms is incorrect?A. Counter-current exchange occurs in the Loop of Henle.B. Counter-current exchange maintains the medullary gradient.C. Counter-current exchange plays no role in water conservation.D. The vasa recta helps in counter-current exchange.
Q5. What is the main nitrogenous waste product excreted by humans?A. AmmoniaB. Uric acidC. UreaD. Creatinine
Q6. Which process is responsible for the removal of hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and ammonia from the blood into the nephron?A. Glomerular filtrationB. ReabsorptionC. Tubular secretionD. Counter-current mechanism
Q7. Which of the following statements regarding urine formation is correct?A. Filtration occurs in the distal convoluted tubule.B. Reabsorption occurs only in the collecting duct.C. Secretion occurs in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.D. The Loop of Henle plays no role in urine formation.
Q8. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. Uric acid is the primary nitrogenous waste in humans.B. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney.C. ADH helps in water retention in the collecting ducts.D. Juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood pressure.
Q9. Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is correct?A. GFR is primarily regulated by the liver.B. GFR is affected by blood pressure in the glomerulus.C. A decrease in blood pressure increases GFR.D. GFR remains constant under all conditions.
Q10. Which of the following statements about nephron function is correct?A. Glucose is primarily reabsorbed in the collecting duct.B. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most of the essential nutrients.C. The Loop of Henle plays no role in water conservation.D. Filtration occurs at the distal convoluted tubule.