Q1. The hormone responsible for reducing urine output and increasing water retention is:A. AldosteroneB. InsulinC. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)D. Glucagon
Q2. Which of the following nitrogenous wastes requires the most water for its elimination?A. Uric acidB. AmmoniaC. UreaD. Creatinine
Q3. Which nitrogenous waste product is excreted primarily by reptiles and birds?A. AmmoniaB. UreaC. Uric acidD. Creatinine
Q4. The primary function of the collecting duct in the nephron is:A. UltrafiltrationB. Reabsorption of nutrientsC. Concentration of urineD. Production of renin
Q5. Which substance is normally reabsorbed completely in the nephron under normal conditions?A. GlucoseB. UreaC. CreatinineD. Uric acid
Q6. Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones?A. UremiaB. Diabetes insipidusC. Renal calculiD. Glomerulonephritis
Q7. Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is correct?A. Glomerular filtration occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.B. The filtrate contains proteins and blood cells.C. Glomerular filtration is a passive process driven by blood pressure.D. Urine formation begins in the collecting duct.
Q8. Which organ other than the kidney plays a role in excretion by removing carbon dioxide from the body?A. LiverB. LungsC. SkinD. Pancreas
Q9. Which excretory product is least toxic and requires minimal water for elimination?A. AmmoniaB. UreaC. Uric acidD. Creatinine
Q10. Which of the following ions is actively reabsorbed in the nephron to maintain osmotic balance?A. Potassium (K+)B. Chloride (Cl-)C. Sodium (Na+)D. Calcium (Ca2+)