Q1. The process by which blood is artificially filtered in patients with kidney failure is called:A. DialysisB. OsmoregulationC. SecretionD. Micturition
Q2. Which of the following statements about nitrogenous waste excretion is correct?A. Ammonia is excreted primarily by terrestrial mammals.B. Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste.C. Urea requires the most water for excretion.D. Humans excrete ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste.
Q3. What is the function of the vasa recta in the nephron?A. Secretion of ionsB. Filtration of bloodC. Maintaining the counter-current exchangeD. Production of renin
Q4. Which of the following statements regarding nephron function is correct?A. Glucose is normally reabsorbed in the collecting duct.B. The Loop of Henle is responsible for ultrafiltration.C. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most of the essential nutrients.D. The distal convoluted tubule plays no role in pH regulation.
Q5. Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is correct?A. JGA is involved in detecting changes in blood pressure.B. JGA plays no role in kidney function.C. JGA decreases renin secretion when blood pressure is low.D. JGA is located in the collecting duct.
Q6. Which of the following statements about the vasa recta is correct?A. The vasa recta is part of the counter-current mechanism.B. The vasa recta carries urine to the bladder.C. The vasa recta is involved in protein digestion.D. The vasa recta produces aldosterone.
Q7. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water but allows active transport of ions?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Descending limb of Henle’s loopC. Ascending limb of Henle’s loopD. Collecting duct
Q8. Which structure in the nephron is responsible for counter-current multiplication?A. Proximal convoluted tubuleB. Loop of HenleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Bowman’s capsule
Q9. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the storage of urine before excretion?A. Renal pelvisB. UreterC. Urinary bladderD. Urethra